Nanotehnologija v postopkih precizijskega litja plemenitih zlitin / Nanotechnology in the process of precision casting of precious alloys

ANALI PAZU, 8 (2018), št. / No. 1-2, strani / pages 33-38

Celotno besedilo / Full text (PDF)

Povzetek: Precizijsko litje je postopek, ki temelji na ulivanju in strjevanju taline na »odstranjeni vosek«1. Prednosti precizijskega litja so visoka natančnost, gladkost površine ter celovitost izdelanih odlitkov, vse značilnosti pa se lahko uporabijo tudi v nanotehnologiji2. Tako izdelani odlitki iz zlitin kobalta, kroma, titana in srebra/zlata so že vrsto let poznani kot biokompatibilni materiali z izjemnimi elastičnimi lastnostmi3 in se uporabljajo na področjih ortopedije in zobozdravstva ter pri izdelavi mnogih medicinskih naprav4. Po drugi strani so danes zelo uporabljeni nanodelci plemenitih kovin in to predvsem na osnovi  na zlata. Ti izkazujejo edinstvene fizikalne in kemijske lastnosti, kot so velika reakcijska površina, dobra absorpcija in prevodnost5. Ker zlitine na osnovi zlata oziroma srebra na makro-nivoju izkazujejo izrazito drugačne lastnosti kot nanodelci zlata in srebra na mikro nivoju, so slednji predmet mnogih novejših raziskav in posledično številnih novih aplikacij6,7,8. Vendar pa se večina raziskav na področju precizijskega litja plemenitih kovin ne osredotoča na nanotehnologijo, ki predstavlja velik raziskovalni potencial. Z uporabo nanotehnologije oziroma izboljšanega prezicijskega litja bi tako pridobili popolnoma nove lastnosti materialov, uporabne na številnih področjih s prvenstvenim ciljem v medicini. Predstavitev tega pristopa in kategorizacija teh postopkov je tako glaven cilj dela v katerem je predstavljen nov postopek izdelave zlitin in karakterizacijo njihovih lastnosti, kar predstavlja pomembno iztočnico za prihodnje raziskave.

Ključne besede: precizijsko litje, nanotehnologija, plemenite kovine, lastnosti; regenerativni model; koračna metoda harmonskega ravnovesja, stabilnostni diagram

 

Abstract: Precision casting is a process based on the casting and solidification of the melt on the "removed wax"1. The advantages of precision casting are high precision, smoothness of the surface and integrity of the manufactured castings, and all the features can also be used in Nanotechnology2. The so-formed castings from cobalt, chromium, titanium and silver/gold alloys have been known for years as biocompatible materials with exceptional elastic properties3, and are used in the fields of Orthopaedics and Dentistry, and in the manufacture of many medical devices4. On the other hand, highly-used nanoparticles of precious metals are today based mainly on gold. They exhibit unique physical and chemical properties, such as large reaction surfaces, good absorption and conductivity5. Since alloys based on gold or silver at the macro level exhibit distinctly different properties than gold and silver nanoparticles on a micro level, the latter are the subject of many recent researches, and, consequently, many new applications6,7,8. However, most of the research in the field of Precision Casting of precious metals does not focus on Nanotechnology, which represents a great research potential. Using Nanotechnology or improved pre-casting, we would thus acquire completely new properties of materials, useful in many areas, with the primary goals in medicine. The presentation of this approach and the categorization of these processes is, thus, the main goal of the work, in which the new alloying process and the characterization of their properties are presented, which is an important source for future research.

Keywords: precision casting; Nanotechnology; precious alloys; properties

 

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